Difficulties in learning mathematics – new approaches for old challenges?

How to address learners having difficulties in mathematics? This question has always been of major importance, and the answer might be given from different disciplines and different perspectives. During the past decades, new approaches as well as new challenges came into play: Realizing inclusion, development of digital tools and learning arrangements, reforms of teacher education programs, COVID-19 pandemic, and much more. Possible approaches for mathematics classrooms might focus in particular on findings from special education, or concentrate on methodological aspects, or strengthen questions of the content, here mathematics. The symposium will reflect on selected aspects from national as well as international perspectives, and will stress the importance of mathematics and mathematics education.