Feedback for everybody? variations in students’ perception of feedback

All Nordic countries claim to advocate for equal opportunities for all students, irrespective of their gender or their social or ethnic backgrounds. However, the results presented in this study indicate that such equality is not always the case in practice. Using data from PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) 2015, I have examined teacher-student feedback from a student perspective and found that boys in all Nordic countries perceive significantly more feedback than girls do. In Finland, Norway, and Sweden, immigrant students perceive more feedback than non-immigrant students do. Finally, in all five Nordic countries, high-performing students perceive less feedback than low-performing students do. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed