Translating the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure to Danish, addressing face and content validity

Background: The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is a recognized assessment tool within Danish occupational therapy (OT), and translated versions of the COPM have been implemented in Danish OT practice. However, a rigorous translation and cross-cultural validation process has not been applied to these versions.
Aims: To produce a new Danish translation of the COPM evaluating its semantic, conceptual, operational and item equivalence while addressing its face and content validity.
Methods: An iterative, multistage translation process was undertaken with (1) forward translation involving professional translators and bilingual OTs, (2) pilot testing and cognitive debriefing interviews with 15 OTs and 37 clients which were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, and (3) finalization with adaptations, back translation and approval.
Results: Content validity of COPM in terms of appropriateness, acceptability, intelligibility and comprehensiveness was found in 78–100% of the cases, and its ability to ensure a client-centred focus in the assessment process was confirmed. However, issues concerning the administration and content of the COPM were identified. Subsequently, two recommendations regarding the
administration of the COPM were added to the Danish version.
Conclusion: Semantic, conceptual, operational and aspects of item equivalence of the COPM into Danish were achieved and supported by face and content validity.