Critical Time Intervention in European Countries

Growing interest in applying Critical Time Intervention (CTI) to address service delivery challenges related to homelessness and other social problems in Europe has led to significant research and implementation activity there. This chapter describes the implementation of CTI in three western European countries: the Netherlands, England, and Denmark. For each country, the authors provide the background and impetus for the decision to use CTI, followed by a brief history of its use and research conducted on the model. They then describe how the model has been adapted to the local context and target populations, addressing both adaptation and implementation processes as well as selected outcomes from both research and non-research settings. Challenges to successful model translation and implementation include a discussion of the impact of sociopolitical and cultural differences between these countries and the United States.