Navigating Loss and Growth in Chronic Illness: An Interview Study on Physical Activity and Well-Being

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study explores the lived experiences of patients with chronic illnesses to understand how the meanings attributed to chronic illness, physical activity and well-being intertwine. This understanding is crucial for care practices aiming to support and enhance well-being.

METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN: We conducted a qualitative interview study grounded in hermeneutic-phenomenology to capture participants' lifeworld experiences in narrative form. COREQ is used as a reporting guideline.

ETHICAL ISSUES AND APPROVAL: Ethical considerations followed the ICN's ethical code of conduct, including addressing the sensitivity of researching vulnerable patients. All participants gave informed consent verbally and in writing. The study is registered with the Danish Data Protection Agency (REG-115-2021).

METHODS: We interviewed 22 individuals with multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease or ischemic heart disease in Denmark. Thematic analysis, inspired by Van Manen's phenomenology of practice, was employed and findings were discussed with the theory of well-being by Todres and Galvin.

RESULTS: Our analysis revealed a narrative of dual experiences: significant loss and transformative existential growth. The theme 'Losing oneself determined by bodily impact' captured the profound impact of participants' illnesses, including loss of embodiment, familiar life and a promised future. Conversely, the theme 'Physical activity as a pathway to existential growth' highlighted the empowering role of physical activity in finding relief, claiming control and fostering reconnections with oneself and others.

STUDY LIMITATIONS: Limitations of this study include the timing of interviews across different stages of illness and the context-dependent nature of qualitative findings, which may affect their transferability to other settings.

CONCLUSION: This investigation highlights the value of physical activity beyond traditional health outcomes for those with chronic illnesses. Physical activity emerges as a vital component for existential growth and improved well-being. The study advocates for incorporating meaningful physical activities into care strategies to enrich the quality of life for individuals with chronic and life-threatening diseases.